For people living with HIV who are receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), good nutrition plays a key role in supporting overall health and wellbeing. In addition to taking medication, maintaining adequate levels of micronutrients which are essential vitamins and minerals, can help strengthen the immune system and improve quality of life.
Micronutrients are nutrients the body needs in small amounts to function properly. These include:
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Vitamins such as A, B-complex, C, D, and E
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Minerals like iron, zinc, and selenium
Micronutrients are vital for immune function, energy production, brain health, and recovery from illness or infection.
Why are they important for people living with HIV?
HIV places extra demands on the immune system. Even with effective ART, individuals may be more likely to experience micronutrient deficiencies due to changes in nutrient absorption, increased nutritional needs, or co-existing health conditions.
Low levels of certain micronutrients can impact immune response, energy levels, and the body’s ability to fight infections. For example, deficiencies in vitamin D, zinc, or B vitamins have been linked to increased fatigue, weakened immunity, and slower recovery from illness.
In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend micronutrient supplements, especially when deficiencies are confirmed through blood tests. However, self-prescribing high doses of vitamins or minerals without medical advice is not recommended, as this can be harmful.
A balanced diet remains the best way to maintain healthy micronutrient levels. This includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, legumes, and healthy fats.
While ART remains the cornerstone of HIV management, attention to micronutrient status can provide additional health benefits. Regular monitoring and dietary support can help people living with HIV maintain strong immune function, prevent complications, and support long-term wellbeing. Healthcare providers play an important role in identifying nutritional needs and offering guidance on safe and effective supplementation when necessary.
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